Cognitive Performance

Thinking, fast and slow

Daniel Kahneman, Daniel Kahneman · Farrar, Straus & Giroux · 2011 · ★ 4.1 (215)

Thinking, Fast and Slow

Daniel Kahneman · Farrar, Straus and Giroux · 2011 · ★ 4.0 (35)

This book synthesises decades of research showing that human judgment is driven by two cognitive systems—a fast, intuitive System 1 and a slow, deliberate System 2—and that System 1’s automatic biases (e.g., overconfidence, loss aversion, anchoring) systematically distort decision-making, meaning you cannot trust your gut in many situations without structured debiasing techniques.

Handbook of Mental Performance

· 2024

This extensive overview of mental performance optimization techniques offers both a state-of-the-art reference resource and comprehensive tool for those engaged in the management and implementation of mental performance programs. The book is written by a combination of academic and operational experts from a wide range of high-performance domains, including the military, space programs, academia, executive coaching, and elite athlete coaching, who complement scientific analyses and overviews of current knowledge with their own experience. Divided into three parts, the book begins by providing a broad conceptual framework through which to embed the latter technical content. Part two looks specifically at the interventions, knowledge, skills, and techniques needed to improve mental performance for both individuals and teams. The final section pulls together the theory of the previous parts, taking a more practical approach by covering implementation, methodological plans on how to appraise new techniques, lessons learned based on the practical experience of the authors, and considerations regarding the necessary learning environment for mental performance improvement. Pairing an overview of all available neurological, cognitive, and psychological interventions aimed at improving mental performance with a review of their implementation, this is a go-to guide for practitioners involved in managing mental performance and program managers looking at the implementation of a mental performance policy across a wide range of domains. It will also be of interest for courses on performance psychology and human performance in both an academic and professional environment. The Open Access version of this book, available at http://www.taylorfrancis.com, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives (CC-BY-NC-ND) 4.0 license.

Chapter Cognitive Dynamics for Construction Management Learning Tasks in Mixed Reality Environments

Mutis, Ivan · 2023

This study found that mixed reality (MX) environments can be measured for their cognitive demands using EEG, and that task complexity (limited time, number of observations required) directly affects attentional focus and cognitive load — meaning that if you want to run your own experiment on learning in immersive environments, you need to account for how hard the task is, not just what technology you use.

Chapter Disegno e neurodivergenze. Le diversità cognitive come nuova frontiera per la ricerca nelle scienze grafiche

Cicalò, Enrico · 2025

Chapter Prediction of Cognitive Load during Industry-Academia Collaboration via a Web Platform

Murzi, Homero · 2023

Researchers used a 5-channel EEG headset and a recurrent neural network (LSTM) to predict cognitive load in 19 people using a web platform, achieving a model that could forecast brain signals with reasonable accuracy — but the study is too small and preliminary to support any personal experiment recommendations.

Human Sustainability and Cognitive Overload at Work

Stajkovic, Kayla S. · 2025

This innovative book considers the cost of cognitive overload and psychological distress on human sustainability, and suggests ways to prevent employees from becoming a psychologically depleted workforce. Employee attentional processing capacity is maxed out, and psychological distress is at an all-time high. Alexander D. Stajkovic and Kayla S. Stajkovic explain how human cognitive ‘broadband’ is at the hunter-gatherer level and changes at an evolutionary snail’s pace. Yet the amount of information necessary to make a living now is incomparable to then, and the current relationship between workers and organizations is unsustainable. The authors discuss causes, processes, and consequences of human unsustainability at work, as well as suggesting remedies for personal change, leadership practice, and policy development. They frame efforts toward furthering human sustainability as a grand challenge that tackles a chronic problem at a societal level with consequences that have ripple effects into other spheres of life. Drawing from multiple disciplines and data sources, the book offers a theory-driven, evidence-based, and meaningful way to better understanding employee cognitive overload and psychological distress in organizations across the globe, and improve work lives going forward. Human Sustainability and Cognitive Overload at Work is a useful resource for students and scholars of business, management, leadership, organizational and work psychology, and organizational studies. The practical insights will also help managers, policy makers, policy analysists, consultants, and all those with an interest in the psychological cost of working. The Open Access version of this book, available at www.taylorfrancis.com, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives (CC-BY-NC-ND) 4.0 license.

An Introduction to Cognitive Economics

Caplin, Andrew · 2025

This book introduces readers to “cognitive economics,” a rapidly emerging interdisciplinary science built on economic, psychological, and data scientific foundations. Throughout the book, economist Andrew Caplin provides new approaches to help scholars collaborate and solve problems that can shape economic outcomes and bridge the gap between theoretical knowledge and the real world. Divided into two parts, the first section brings readers up to speed on economic concepts that underlie decision-making mistakes, such as utility functions, subjective beliefs, and costs of learning. It also explores real-world applications, including improvements in legal decision-making, online privacy protection, and optimizing human-AI collaboration. The book also discusses the future impact of AI on the workforce and emphasizes the need for decision-making skills and financial literacy in navigating this evolving landscape. In the second section of the book, Caplin addresses the barriers to progress within social sciences, advocating for interdisciplinary cooperation and innovative measurement techniques to advance the field. The book invites readers to contribute to the development of cognitive economics. Whether you are a socially-conscious and hard-working citizen, business leader, scholar, or policymaker, this book will help you understand why cognitive economics matters to you and how you can contribute to its takeoff. This book is available open access, which means it is freely available online.

Teaching and Learning with Research Cognitive Theory

Ahmad, Zubair · 2025

This book proposes that integrating research-based learning into education—through a framework called Research Cognitive Theory (RCT)—can systematically enhance curiosity, creativity, problem-solving, and cognitive development in students and professional growth in teachers, but it provides no experimental data, effect sizes, or controlled comparisons to support these claims.

Chapter Electroencephalography (EEG)

Sood, Suraj · 2024

Brain Technology in Augmented Cognition: Current and Future Trends informs engineers interested in human-computer interaction about the current state of augmented cognition. Its scope includes recent advances in electroencephalography (EEG), neural network (NN), and brain-computer interface (BCI) brain technologies. The title explores in detail each technological approach to augmented cognition and offers conclusions to them, summarizing the work and their respective futures. Augmented cognition research often includes the use of brain technology, and this book addresses advances in augmented cognition and its applications. It details recent uses of EEG, NN, and BCI in the field and how they may augment user, researcher, and practitioner cognition. Focusing on the use of EEG for eye-tracking, NN logic, and the BCI application of motor-imagery (MI) and discussing challenges and opportunities relevant to such applications, the title is a useful introduction to the subject matter. This is an engaging read for any student, researcher or academic in the fields of engineering, augmented cognition, human-computer interaction and human factors/ergonomics who will learn the basics and key concepts of augmented cognition through this simple and straightforward title.

Chapter Evaluation of Computer Vision-Aided Multimedia Learning in Construction Engineering Education

Olayiwola, Johnson · 2023

Computer-vision-aided annotated videos improved students' attention to learning content compared to unannotated videos, but also increased self-reported cognitive load — and the effect varied by student demographics, meaning a one-size-fits-all approach to multimedia learning may backfire.

Cognition, Language and Aging

· 2016

Age-related changes in cognitive and language functions have been extensively researched over the past half-century. The older adult represents a unique population for studying cognition and language because of the many challenges that are presented with investigating this population, including individual differences in education, life experiences, health issues, social identity, as well as gender. The purpose of this book is to provide an advanced text that considers these unique challenges and assembles in one source current information regarding (a) language in the aging population and (b) current theories accounting for age-related changes in language function. A thoughtful and comprehensive review of current research spanning different disciplines that study aging will achieve this purpose. Such disciplines include linguistics, psychology, sociolinguistics, neurosciences, cognitive sciences, and communication sciences.

The Power of Music

Himonides, Evangelos · 2022

Building on her earlier work, 'The Power of Music: A Research Synthesis of the Impact of Actively Making Music on the Intellectual, Social and Personal Development of Children and Young People', this volume by Susan Hallam and Evangelos Himonides is an important new resource in the field of music education, practice, and psychology. A well-signposted text with helpful subheadings, 'The Power of Music: An Exploration of the Evidence' gathers and synthesises research in neuroscience, psychology, and education to develop our understanding of the effects of listening to and actively making music. Its chapters address music’s relationship with literacy and numeracy, transferable skills, its impact on social cohesion and personal wellbeing, as well as the roles that music plays in our everyday lives. Considering evidence from large population samples to individual case studies and across age groups, the authors also pose important methodological questions to the research community. 'The Power of Music' defends qualitative research against a requirement for randomised control trials that can obscure the diverse and often fraught contexts in which people of all ages and backgrounds are exposed to, and engage with, music. This magnificent and comprehensive volume allows the evidence about the power of music to speak for itself, thus providing an essential directory for those researching music education and its social, personal, and cognitive impact across human ages and experiences.

Micro-, Meso- and Macro-Dynamics of the Brain

· 2016

Neurosciences, Neurology, Psychiatry

A New Blueprint for Brain Health

· 2026

This open access book presents an integrative vision to achieve better brain health. Across the globe is a growing awareness of the impact of neurological conditions and mental health on wellbeing. Also as populations age, the number of people impacted by brain health conditions also grows, shining a light on the need for brain health “solutions” that are sustainable. Although the knowledge of what is working for a variety of brain health conditions continues to expand, we need to realize that not all solutions will come from medical research. What is needed to address brain health in a more sustainable way is a better understanding of the care that community provides and how a vision of better brain health will be found by deepening our understanding of the role of community and elevating the value of their contributions. Community organizations provide frontline care and have a tangible understanding of the needs that accompany the populations above. This means they are well equipped to provide local and accessible care. Community is a place in which brain health solutions can be delivered in a sustainable, effective, efficient, equitable and person-centered way. As such, the knowledge community organizations can contribute to the bigger picture of health care is important. This project responds to the need to better understand community care by highlighting how the role of evaluative thinking in the community sector can help us generate evidence to navigate towards better brain health futures. By first recognizing and then supporting community-led care, we can expand how we view and receive care. Along these lines, the book moves from a view of healthcare as being only delivered in hospitals and clinics to recognizing the continuum of care and integration of healthcare options. It provides a space for stories of health care solutions that indeed have connected health to the social and the community sectors. By exploring community interventions that have been integrated with biomedical/neuroscientific solutions, we will learn how integrated sustainable solutions can be created. The role of evaluation in helping facilitate the creation of such solutions also will be explored. This project is a partnership between the Ontario Brain Institute and the Evaluation Centre for Complex Health Interventions and reflects our collective learnings from our work in developmental evaluation and brain health.

Chapter Introduction and Overview

Floridou, Georgia A. · 2023

Drawing on perspectives from music psychology, cognitive neuroscience, philosophy, musicology, clinical psychology, and music education, Music and Mental Imagery provides a critical overview of cutting-edge research on the various types of mental imagery associated with music. The four main parts cover an introduction to the different types of mental imagery associated with music such as auditory/musical, visual, kinaesthetic, and multimodal mental imagery; a critical assessment of established and novel ways to measure mental imagery in various musical contexts; coverage of different states of consciousness, all of which are relevant for, and often associated with, mental imagery in music, and a critical overview of applications of mental imagery in health, educational ,and performance settings. By both critically reviewing up-to-date scientific research and offering new empirical results, this book provides a unique overview of the different types and origins of mental imagery in musical contexts, various ways to measure them, and intriguing insights into related mental phenomena such as mind-wandering and synaesthesia. This will be of particular interest for scholars and researchers of music psychology and music education. It will also be useful for practitioners working with music in applied health and educational contexts.

Chapter Brain-Computer Interface Systems Used for Virtual Reality Control

Leeb, Robert · 2011

Biotechnology

Machine Learning for Brain Disorders

· 2023

This is not a single experiment but a comprehensive methods textbook (Neuromethods series) that teaches researchers how to apply machine learning to brain disorders — it provides no experimental results, effect sizes, or causal findings, so it cannot directly inform a personal experiment, but it offers frameworks for analysing your own data if you are collecting brain-related measurements.

Analytic Philosophy and 4E Cognition

· 2025

This volume represents the first comprehensive collection of essays dedicated to exploring the conceptual and methodological intersections and tensions between analytic philosophy and the embodied–embedded approach to cognitive science, commonly referred to as "e-cognition." Following an introductory chapter by the editor, which situates the discussion within its broader philosophical landscape, the contributors address a range of themes that traverse both analytic philosophy and 4E-cognition. These include skillful coping, habit formation, the nature and status of representations, consciousness, communication, and the social and political implications of embodied and situated approaches. The volume also examines how various theoretical traditions—such as ecological psychology, teleosemantics, enactivism, the Pittsburgh School, and intentional realism—engage with and apply these ideas. Analytic Philosophy and 4E Cognition: Conceptual Analysis, Embodiment, and Situatedness will appeal to advanced students and scholars in analytic philosophy, philosophy of mind, and philosophy of psychology, as well as those working in cognitive science with an interest in embodied and situated cognition.

Chapter Improving Sense-Making for Construction Planning Tasks Using Visual and Haptic Stimuli in Virtual Reality Environments

Purushotham, Nishanth · 2023

Design documents, drawings, and specifications are visual representations that are fundamental and prevalent in today’s construction engineering practice. Construction specialties (e.g., structural, mechanical) rely on these visual representations to express and draw meaning during collaborations. Construction engineering and management (CEM) students must acquire the knowledge, skills, and abilities — a key example of which is perceptual competence —for interpreting visual representations to facilitate efficient task execution, such as planning. Empowering learners with new technology using robust real-world immersion and interactive features is a significant step towards this target. The presented research explores new human-machine interactions to determine the best way for CEM students to learn through the combined senses of sight and touch. The approach merges visual and haptic interactions within an immersive environment to enhance perception and reasoning skills. The research demonstrates how CEM learners interact with and interpret the meanings of information within a planning task. It explores how VR and haptic technology augment the ability to recognize meanings — a new type of representational competency — for improved interpretation of information related to components with respect to engineering disciplines and sub-systems in a CEM, and investigates learners’ problem-solving ability by using perception-rich enhanced virtual reality (VR) and haptic affordances

Conceptualisation and Measurement of Financial Competence

· 2026

This Open access book offers a pivotal contribution to the field of financial literacy research as it advances the understanding of financial literacy as a holistic competence encompassing cognition, motivation, emotion, attitude, behaviour and their interrelationships. It provides a comprehensive overview and evaluation of concepts, constructs and frameworks related to financial literacy and instruments used to measure financial competence. The work also discusses identification, synthesis and systematisation of a wide range of cognitive and non-cognitive influences on financial behaviour. The book not only introduces a unique, holistic model of financial competence, but also presents a draft of an innovative technology-based test instrument designed to simulate and trace complex financial decision-making processes and elucidate challenges confronted in complex problem-solving situations. The aim of this book is to shift from an isolated focus on individual cognitive facets (mainly knowledge) to a holistic modeling of competence in order to systematise the landscape of research on financial literacy and financial competence. The work is instrumental for researchers, educators and policymakers in advancing their understanding and methodologies and in paving the way for effective financial education interventions and promoting financially competent behaviour.

Behavioural Approaches in Neuropsychological Rehabilitation

Shiel, Agnes · 2004

The potential of behavioural approaches for improving the lives of people with acquired brain injury is immense. Here that potential is laid out and explored with a thoroughgoing regard for clinical practice and the theoretical frameworks that underpin that practice. This book will prove an invaluable resource for clinical psychologists and the whole range of therapists working with patients suffering from acquired brain damage.

Embodied Learning and Teaching using the 4E Cognition Approach

· 2024

This book operationalises the new field—EmLearning—that integrates embodiment and grounded cognition perspectives with education using the 4E approach as a guiding principle, which suggests that cognition is embodied, embedded, enacted, or extended. Chapters highlight empirical data, providing readers with research-based insight into the theoretical foundations of embodied cognition in learning, illustrated by practical examples. Ultimately, the volume contributes a radical understanding of embodied cognition, demonstrating the importance of the field to the educational system more broadly and suggesting a fundamental change to the way learning, education, and curriculum design are viewed and considered. Based on contemporary scientific findings, the book addresses the educational area with a focus on opening the embodied approach to a wider audience that will circulate the new knowledge and support their educational practices. Written with the purpose of contributing to a broad spectrum of academic educational fields, this book will be of use to postgraduates, researchers, and academics in the fields of higher education, educational psychology, teacher education, and teaching methodology and practice. Teachers and school politicians should also benefit from this volume more broadly.

Changing Habits of Mind

Gross, Zoltan · 2021

Changing Habits of Mind presents a theory of personality that integrates homeostatic dynamics of the brain with self-processes, emotionality, cultural adaptation, and personal reality. Informed by the author’s brain-based, relational psychotherapeutic practice, the book discusses the brain’s evolutionary growth, the four information-processing areas of the brain, and the cortex in relationship to the limbic system. Integrating the different experiences of sensory and non-sensory processes in the brain, the text introduces a theory of personality currently lacking in psychotherapy research that integrates neurobiology and psychology for the first time. Readers will learn how to integrate psychodynamic processes with cognitive behavioral techniques, while clinical vignettes exemplify the interaction of neurophysiological process with a range of psychological variables including homeostasis, developmental family dynamics, and culture. Changing Habits of Mind expands the psychotherapist’s perspective, exploring the important links between an integrated theory of personality and effective clinical practice.

Persons and their Minds

Brinkmann, Svend · 2017

Today’s approaches to the study of the human mind are divided into seemingly opposed camps. On one side we find the neurosciences, with their more or less reductionist research programs, and on the other side we find the cultural and discursive approaches, with their frequent neglect of the material sides of human life. Persons and their Minds seeks to develop an integrative theory of the mind with room for both brain and culture. Brinkmann’s remarkable and thought-provoking work is one of the first books to integrate brain research with phenomenology, social practice studies and actor-network theory, all of which are held together by the concept of the person. Brinkmann’s new and informative approach to the person, the mind and mental disorder give this book a wide scope. The author uses Rom Harré’s hybrid psychology as a meta-theoretical starting point and expands this significantly by including four sources of mediators: the brain, the body, social practices and technological artefacts. The author draws on findings from cultural psychology and argues that the mind is normative in the sense that mental processes do not simply happen, but can be done more or less well, and thus are subject to normative appraisal. In addition to informative theoretical discussions, this book includes a number of detailed case studies, including a study of ADHD from the integrated perspective. Consequently, the book will be of great interest to academics and researchers in the fields of psychology, philosophy, sociology and psychiatry.

Culture and Cognition

Mergler, Nancy · 1992

This book argues that cognition is not a purely individual, internal process but is fundamentally shaped by cultural narratives, language structures, and historical context — meaning that how you think about your own experiments (and what you notice) is partly determined by the cultural tools you use to describe them.

Chapter 2 Learning Engineering Applies the Learning Sciences

Kessler, Aaron · 2023

The Learning Engineering Toolkit is a practical guide to the rich and varied applications of learning engineering, a rigorous and fast-emerging discipline that synthesizes the learning sciences, instructional design, engineering design, and other methodologies to support learners. As learning engineering becomes an increasingly formalized discipline and practice, new insights and tools are needed to help education, training, design, and data analytics professionals iteratively develop, test, and improve complex systems for engaging and effective learning. Written in a colloquial style and full of collaborative, actionable strategies, this book explores the essential foundations, approaches, and real-world challenges inherent to ensuring participatory, data-driven, learning experiences across populations and contexts.

Action-Related Representations

Seuchter, Tim · 2020

Theories of grounded cognition state that there is a meaningful connection between action and cognition. Although these claims are widely accepted, the nature and structure of this connection is far from clear and is still a matter of controversy. This book argues for a type of cognitive representation that essentially combines cognition and action, and which is foundational for higher-order cognitive capacities.

The Scale-Up Effect in Early Childhood and Public Policy

· 2021

Combining the theories of conventional economics with social psychology and cognitive decision making, behavioral economics (BE) offers an interdisciplinary framework to support the transition and translation of programs to scale, addressing the dimensions of feasibility, cost, and fidelity while meeting the objectives of providing safe, nurturing, and stimulating environments for children. One strength of BE is that decision-making is not considered context free, thus directly addressing an oft-cited weakness of translating programs to scale. Insights from BE specifically on parent decision making related to choice structure, fear of judgment, miscalibration, and social norms can generate light-touch enhancements to foster success as interventions scale to that help parents access and digest information and follow through on intentions. Examples of successful applications of the BE lens to scaled home visiting and parenting programs are described.

Interior Design as a tool for dementia care

Silvia Maria, Gramegna · 2021

This book investigates the role of interior design in the enhancement of the effectiveness of Non-Pharmacological therapies for Alzheimer’s disease care. The author presents the conceptual model for an environmental system called “Therapeutic Habitat”, meant as a system of environmental interventions, based on tangible and intangible aspects, products and furniture, objects and services. Its aim is to enhance the well-being of people with dementia and stimulate recognition and interaction with the surrounding environment.

Epileptic Seizures and the EEG

Cook, Mark · 2010

Analysis of medical data using engineering tools is a rapidly growing area, both in research and in industry, yet few texts exist that address the problem from an interdisciplinary perspective. Epileptic Seizures and the EEG: Measurement, Models, Detection and Prediction brings together biology and engineering practices and identifies the aspects of the field that are most important to the analysis of epilepsy. Analysis of EEG records The book begins by summarizing the physiology and the fundamental ideas behind the measurement, analysis and modeling of the epileptic brain. It introduces the EEG as a measured signal and explains its use in the study of epilepsy. Next, it provides an explanation of the type of brain activity likely to register in EEG measurements, offering quantitative analysis of the populations of neurons that contribute to both scalp and cortical EEG and discussing the limitations and effects that choices made in the recording process have on the data. The book provides an overview of how these EEG records are and have been analyzed in the past, concentrating on the mathematics relevant to the problem of classification of EEG. The authors use these extracted features to differentiate between or classify inter-seizure, pre-seizure and seizure EEG. The challenge of seizure prediction The book focuses on the problem of seizure detection and surveys the physiologically based dynamic models of brain activity. Finally, the book addresses the fundamental question: can seizures be predicted? Through analysis of epileptic activity spanning from 3 hours to 25 years, it is proposed that seizures may be predictable, but the amount of data required is greater than previously thought. Based on the authors’ extensive research, the book concludes by exploring a range of future possibilities in seizure prediction.

Micro-, Meso- and Macro-Connectomics of the Brain

· 2016

Neurosciences, Neurology

Emotional Intelligence, Well-Being, and Learning Strategies

Ndawo, Gugu · 2025

This book contains several relevant chapters that will facilitate further progress in the fields of Emotional Intelligence, Well-Being, and Learning Strategies, as well as the application of their findings in various contexts. It contributes to the ongoing generation of knowledge through the advancement of research, while also establishing a comprehensive foundation to inform future investigations and applied practices within educational, social, health, and academic domains.

Mathematical Modelling of the Human Brain II

· 2026

This open access book revolves around predictive mathematical modelling and simulation of brain multiphysics with an emphasis on cerebrospinal fluid flow and solute transport in and around the human brain. The book consists of 10 self-contained and relatively short chapters, each offering a rapid introduction to a key problem or topic, supported by open source software. Readers will gain insights into state-of-the-art mathematical tools and techniques for modelling and simulation of brain multiphysics ranging from classical finite element approaches, network-based modelling techniques and deep neural networks. The target audiences are researchers in applied mathematics, scientific computing, biophysics, bioengineering or computational neuroscience interested in a compact introduction to image-based computational modeling of brain multiphysics and cutting-edge available tools.

Culturally Specific Pedagogy in the Mathematics Classroom

· 2018

Advocating for the use of culturally specific pedagogy to enhance the mathematics instruction of diverse students, this revised second edition offers a wide variety of conceptual and curricular resources for teaching mathematics in a way that combats and confronts the forms of oppression that students face today. Addressing stratification based on race, class, and gender, Leonard offers lesson templates that teachers can use with ethnically and culturally diverse students and makes the link between research and practice. Connecting cutting-edge and emerging technologies to culturally specific pedagogy, the second edition features new chapters on mathematics and social justice, robotics, and spatial visualization. Applying a more expansive focus, the new edition discusses current movements such as Black Lives Matter and incorporates examples of rural and tribal students to paint a broader picture of what culturally rich mathematics classrooms actually look like. The text builds on sociocultural theory and research on culture and mathematics cognition to extend the literature and better understand minority students’ goals and learning needs. Including new discussion questions and new examples, lessons, and vignettes of integrating culture in the mathematics classroom, this book employs pedagogical research to field-test new instructional methods for culturally diverse and female students.

Epileptic Seizures and the EEG

Cook, Mark · 2011

A study of epilepsy from an engineering perspective, this volume begins by summarizing the physiology and the fundamental ideas behind the measurement, analysis and modeling of the epileptic brain. It introduces the EEG and provides an explanation of the type of brain activity likely to register in EEG measurements, offering an overview of how these EEG records are and have been analyzed in the past. The book focuses on the problem of seizure detection and surveys the physiologically based dynamic models of brain activity. Finally, it addresses the fundamental question: can seizures be predicted? Based on the authors' extensive research, the book concludes by exploring a range of future possibilities in seizure prediction.

Chapter Influence of Glycaemic Control on Cognitive Function in Diabetic Children and Adolescents

Escudero-Marín, Mireia · 2018

According to the World Health Organisation (WHO), the number of people with diabetes has risen to 422 million in 2014. Poorly managed diabetes leads to chronic hyper and/or hypoglycaemia, which are associated with neurological complications in type 1 (T1DM) and type 2 (T2DM) diabetes mellitus. Therefore, the primary target of diabetic treatment is to achieve a good glycaemic control (GC). In this chapter, we reviewed studies published up to September 2017 about GC and cognitive development in diabetic children and adolescents, as well as the nutritional approaches used for the management of diabetes in childhood, focusing on low glycaemic index (GI) diets. According to different studies, low GI diets effectively improve GC, which may reduce the risk of diabetes-related complications, such as cognitive dysfunction; however, the evidence is not sufficiently robust and the results are inconclusive. Despite the fact that, low GI diets are consistent with healthy eating recommendations and should be encouraged in the prevention and nutritional management of diabetes. Further research is needed in diabetic children and adolescents at risk, especially well-designed long-term randomised controlled trials, with larger sample size, to determine the true value of low GI diets on long-term GC and diabetes prevention and management.

Brain Development and the Law

Schleim, Stephan · 2025

This open access book is the first to offer a systematic overview of the different methods for assessing brain development and a comparative review of how such assessments have already influenced the law. Lawmakers prefer to draw clear distinctions, but biology is characterized by continua: both in terms of how development proceeds within a person and how it differs from other people. However, this does not mean that age limits are arbitrary. This book extends the author's previous research on the Dutch juvenile criminal law, which was founded on the brain development of adolescents and has been in use for more than a decade. The role of age limits in death and life sentences in the US and the new cannabis legislation in Germany are also analyzed in depth. This project combines biological, psychological and social knowledge and puts forward a pragmatic proposal to connect the two fields of brain development and law. It will be of interest to researchers, professionals (e.g. judges, legislators) and students alike.

Metabolic Neuropsychiatry

· 2025

This open access book provides an interdisciplinary perspective on energy metabolism in the brain and body in neuropsychiatric disorders and suggests future research directions. Multiple lines of evidence indicate that energy metabolism is aberrant in the body and brain in individuals with major neuropsychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia, mood disorders, and neurodegenerative disorders. Emerging therapeutic interventions aim to improve outcomes in many of these common and severe disorders. To foster interdisciplinary dialogue and to promote informed applications in research, medicine, and public health, the Ernst Strüngmann Forum convened scholars from diverse fields to examine the role of energy metabolism in brain function, the bidirectional association between metabolism in the brain and body, and the future therapeutic potential of treatment interventions that improve metabolism in people with psychiatric disorders. Synthesizing the interdisciplinary perspectives that emerged from these discussions, the book is organized in four sections: Role of Metabolism in Brain Function Metabolic Abnormalities in Neuropsychiatric Disorders Systemic Metabolic Aspects of Neuropsychiatric Disorders Metabolism-Based Therapies This volume offers insights to researchers and clinicians working in basic, translational, and clinical research in neurology and psychiatry pertinent to mitochondrial function, energy metabolism, human physiology, and treatment development.

Chapter 13 The value of the imagined biological in policy and society

Pickersgill, Martyn · 2018

Attending the World Economic Forum this past week, I was struck by two trends. The first was that brain research has emerged as a hot topic. Not only was brain science or brain health a new theme at the meeting, research on the brain emerged in discussions about next generation computing, global cooperation, and even models of economic development as well as being linked to mental health or mindfulness. In a meeting frequented largely by economists and business leaders, I was surprised by the number of non-scientists who have become enchanted by brain science. Clearly this is the era of the brain, with mental health now part of a much broader discussion.

Chapter Evaluation of Immersive VR Experiences for Safety Training of Construction Workers: A Semi-Qualitative Approach Proposal

Capone, Pietro · 2023

The diffusion of Building Information Modeling (BIM) and advanced visualization technologies in the increasingly digitalised construction sector is fostering the development and implementation of disruptive approaches for workforce Health and Safety (H&S) training. Project-specific risks, safety procedures and information can be administered through immersive Virtual Reality (VR) experiences where construction site environments and activities are reproduced without exposing the trainees to real hazards. However, despite numerous research and industry applications demonstrating the potential benefits of these technologies, a standardized framework and methodology for the evaluation of VR safety training effectiveness for construction workers is still lacking hence hindering its large scale-adoption and recognition from policymakers. Within the scope of previous authors contributions on the development and implementation of BIM-based VR experiences for construction workers’ safety training, this paper aims to address the evaluation of their effectiveness proposing a novel semi-qualitative approach based on the integration of trainees’ subjective and objective data. A post-experience evaluation questionnaire is developed to collect trainees’ direct and qualitative feedback about the experience immersivity and perceived safety content transfer. Furthermore, the integration with trainees’ spatial tracking data is proposed to complement the qualitative feedback with the quantitative evaluation of their use of the virtual space for safety training purposes. The application of the presented approach in case study is currently undergoing and the related results will be subject of future contributions

Mental Health and Enhancement

Schleim, Stephan · 2023

This book takes the reader from basic questions like “What is health?” and “What is a psychiatric disorder?”, into the midst of people’s present mental health and enhancement choices. More and more people receive psychiatric diagnoses and the use of psychopharmacological drugs keeps increasing. Concurrently, media report the popularity of “brain doping” or “study drugs” on campuses as well as at the workplace. This open access book tests the hypothesis of whether mental health and enhancement can be seen as two sides of the same coin: that the demands on cognitive and emotional functioning have been increasing and psychoactive substances are used to meet these demands. Whether the increasing number of diagnoses means that really more people are suffering from psychological problems will be discussed just as whether the media accurately describe “brain doping” as a new and rising trend. An individual section describes non-pharmacological alternatives to maintain and increase one’s mental well-being. To answer these and many more questions, the author critically reviews evidence from epidemiology, psychiatry, and psychology. That people with and without psychiatric diagnoses are often using the same substances – for example, the stimulant drugs Adderall or Ritalin – to cope with their problems is presented as evidence to look beyond the traditional distinction between disorder, health, and enhancement. Likewise, different meanings of “drug” in historical and present contexts illustrate that the way we think of mental health and (il)legitimate drug use reflects our own culture. The book’s focus on addiction/substance use disorders makes it also relevant to the ongoing discussion of drug policy.

Staying Alive: A Survival Manual for the Liberal Arts

Fradenburg, L.O. Aranye · 2013

Staying Alive: A Survival Manual for the Liberal Arts fiercely defends the liberal arts in and from an age of neoliberal capital and techno-corporatization run amok, arguing that the public university’s purpose is not vocational training, but rather the cultivation of what Fradenburg calls “artfulness,” including the art of making knowledge. In addition to sustained critical and creative thinking, the humanities develop the mind’s capacities for real-time improvisational communication and interpretation, without which we can neither thrive nor survive. Humanist pedagogy and research use play, experimentation and intersubjective exchange to foster forms of artfulness critical to the future of our species. From perception to reality-testing to concept-formation and logic, the arts and humanities teach us to see, hear and respond more keenly, and to imagine, or “model,” new futures and possibilities. Innovation of all kinds, technological or artistic, depends on the enhancement of the skills proper to staying alive

Social and Affective Neuroscience of Everyday Human Interaction

· 2023

This Open Access book presents the current state of the art knowledge on social and affective neuroscience based on empirical findings. This volume is divided into several sections first guiding the reader through important theoretical topics within affective neuroscience, social neuroscience and moral emotions, and clinical neuroscience. Each chapter addresses everyday social interactions and various aspects of social interactions from a different angle taking the reader on a diverse journey. The last section of the book is of methodological nature. Basic information is presented for the reader to learn about common methodologies used in neuroscience alongside advanced input to deepen the understanding and usability of these methods in social and affective neuroscience for more experienced readers.

International Legal Theory and the Cognitive Turn

Hirsch, Moshe · 2025

This is a theoretical legal scholarship volume, not an empirical study — it explores how insights from cognitive and behavioural sciences (e.g., biases, heuristics, framing effects) might influence or challenge existing international legal theories, but it provides no testable interventions, no experimental data, and no quantitative results that could be used to design a personal experiment.

Early cross-modal interactions and adult human visual cortical plasticity revealed by binocular rivalry

Lunghi, Claudia · 2014

A brief period of monocular deprivation (one eye covered for 2.5 hours) shifts binocular rivalry dynamics in adults, making the deprived eye dominant for up to 90 minutes afterward — revealing that the adult visual cortex retains far more plasticity than previously believed, and that touch can influence what you see during rivalry.

Bioscience and the Good Life

Brassington, Iain · 2013

This is a philosophical book, not an empirical study—it argues that using biotechnologies (cognitive enhancers, anti-aging treatments, genetic modifications) to improve human capacities does not automatically make life more meaningful or morally better, and that the pursuit of "enhancement" must be weighed against what actually constitutes a flourishing human life.

Chapter 7 Brain in the shell

Slaby, Jan · 2016

Recent years have seen a rapid growth in neuroscientific research, and an expansion beyond basic research to incorporate elements of the arts, humanities and social sciences. It has been suggested that the neurosciences will bring about major transformations in the understanding of ourselves, our culture and our society. In academia one finds debates within psychology, philosophy and literature about the implications of developments within the neurosciences, and the emerging fields of educational neuroscience, neuro-economics, and neuro-aesthetics also bear witness to a ‘neurological turn’ which is currently taking place. Neuroscience and Critique is a ground-breaking edited collection which reflects on the impact of neuroscience in contemporary social science and the humanities. It is the first book to consider possibilities for a critique of the theories, practices, and implications of contemporary neuroscience. Chapter 7 of this book is freely available as a downloadable Open Access PDF under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives 3.0 license. https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/tandfbis/rt-files/docs/Open+Access+Chapters/9781138887336_oachapter7.pdf

Brain Fingerprint Identification

Jin, Xuanyu · 2025

This open access book delves into the emerging field of biometric identification using brainwave patterns. Specifically, this book presents recent advances in electroencephalography (EEG)-based biometric recognition to identify unique neural signatures that can be used for secure authentication and identification. Traditional biometric systems such as fingerprints, iris scans, and face recognition have become integral to security and identification. However, these methods are increasingly vulnerable to spoofing and other forms of attack. Unlike other traditional biometrics, EEG signals are non-invasive, continuous authentication, liveness detection, and resistance to coercion due to the complexity and uniqueness of brain patterns. Therefore, it is particularly suitable for high-security fields such as military and finance, providing a promising alternative for future high-security identification and authentication. However, most of the existing brain fingerprint identification studies require subjects to perform specific cognitive tasks, which limits the popularization and application of brain fingerprint identification in practical scenarios. Additionally, due to the low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and time-varying characteristics of EEG signals, there are distribution differences in EEG data across sessions from several days, leading to stability issues in brain fingerprint features extracted at different sessions. Finally, because the EEG signal is affected by the coupling of multiple factors and the nervous system has continuous spontaneous variability, which makes it difficult for the brain fingerprint identification model to be suitable for the scenarios of unseen sessions and cognitive tasks, and there is the problem of insufficient model generalization. In this book, based on traditional machine learning methods and deep learning methods, the authors will carry out multi-task single-session, single-task multi-session, and multi-task multi-session brain fingerprint identification research respectively for the above problems, to provide an effective solution for the application of brain fingerprint identification in practical scenarios.

Clinical Pathways in Stroke Rehabilitation

· 2021

This open access book focuses on practical clinical problems that are frequently encountered in stroke rehabilitation. Consequences of diseases, e.g. impairments and activity limitations, are addressed in rehabilitation with the overall goal to reduce disability and promote participation. Based on the available best external evidence, clinical pathways are described for stroke rehabilitation bridging the gap between clinical evidence and clinical decision-making. The clinical pathways answer the questions which rehabilitation treatment options are beneficial to overcome specific impairment constellations and activity limitations and are well acceptable to stroke survivors, as well as when and in which settings to provide rehabilitation over the course of recovery post stroke. Each chapter starts with a description of the clinical problem encountered. This is followed by a systematic, but concise review of the evidence (RCTs, systematic reviews and meta-analyses) that is relevant for clinical decision-making, and comments on assessment, therapy (training, technology, medication), and the use of technical aids as appropriate. Based on these summaries, clinical algorithms / pathways are provided and the main clinical-decision situations are portrayed. The book is invaluable for all neurorehabilitation team members, clinicians, nurses, and therapists in neurology, physical medicine and rehabilitation, and related fields. It is a World Federation for NeuroRehabilitation (WFNR) educational initiative, bridging the gap between the rapidly expanding clinical research in stroke rehabilitation and clinical practice across societies and continents. It can be used for both clinical decision-making for individuals and as well as clinical background knowledge for stroke rehabilitation service development initiatives. ; Provides evidence-based clinical practice guidelines for stroke rehabilitation Discusses clinical problems and evidence, comments on assessment, therapy and technical aids Written by experienced experts with a background in clinical practice